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:: Intertwined ::
","For example you might find out about a great book on Astronomy from an organisation, or some great web sites from a book.

A librarian might be able to suggest a really useful web address to you.

An astronomy organisation on the internet might give you information on events and resources like videos, CD ROMs and books that you can check for in your library."] Text[1]=["
:: Networks ::
","The various people, places, services, resources, facilities and supports."] Text[2]=[":: Activities ::",""] // plan.asp - diagram Text[3]=["
:: Define your research topic ::","Think about what end result you want to come out of the research."] Text[4]=["
:: Get background information ::","Think about the information and resources you may already have available to you. Investigate them and note the useful information."] Text[5]=["
:: Consider where to look ::","You will need to decide as to which resources or tools best suit your research needs. These may not be the same each time or for all your needs. You may find it best to use the Internet for some information, the Library for other and ask someone at another. You may find that you will do combinations of all these."] Text[6]=["
:: Select the proper search tools ::","The type of information you are after and the place where you decide to look for it may affect what tools you will use."] Text[7]=["
:: Consider the major keywords and concepts and how to best apply them ::","How you apply keywords and phrases to search for information will affect the results that you get. You will need to think about how best to construct a useful search and best to apply it to the information tool you are using."] Text[8]=["
:: Do the search ::","Carry out the search and don't be afraid of applying alternate terms or using more than one tool to get best results."] Text[9]=["
:: Evaluate the results ::","Evaluating your information
As you are collecting the information you need it is important to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of it.
  • Does this information come from a reliable source? (i.e. who produced the information? what authority does the site have? is it accurate or correct?)
  • Do I need more information?
  • Do I need this information?
  • Have I used all the ways of finding reliable information? (eg different search engines, different search terms)
  • Am I able to use this information?
  • Can I apply or interpret this information to make it better suit what I want to say?
"] Text[10]=["
:: Refine your search (if necessary) ::","Depending on how well your search goes and whether you have gathered sufficient information you may need to revisit your search. You can apply any new information or unexplored aspects to reapproach your research. You may try new terms or different tools. If you are stuck you may decide to seek advice from someone."] // plan.asp - text Text[11]=["
:: Topic ::","Hint: Write out a sentence or two describing what you want to find."] Text[12]=["
:: Describe ::","Try to be as specific as possible. Think also of similar meaning terms or synonyms that describe the topic eg;
  • lunar for moon
  • meteors for meteorites
  • cosmonauts (Russia) or taikonauts (China) for astronauts (Anglo-American)
"] Text[13]=["
:: Larger topics ::","Example: If you were looking for information on Jupiter you may decide to broaden your topic to look for "Solar System" or "planets"."] Text[14]=["
:: Hidden ::","Information that is part of the Invisible Web."] Text[15]=["
:: Broader picture ::","This allows you to then explore material in broader areas such as Space or the Universe and possibly find specific information within."] Text[16]=["
:: Background ::","This information can be useful when you need to describe how the specific topic forms part of a larger picture."] Text[17]=["
:: Exploring ::","You may not quite know what specific topic you would like to concentrate upon. You may decide to browse through broad topic material that covers a variety of aspects involved from which you can decide."] Text[18]=["
:: Irrelevant ::","This is material which has little or no meaning to your topic eg:
you may be getting information about the ancient Roman god Jupiter or the car called Jupiter etc."] Text[19]=["
:: Amateur ::","Amateur: Taking part in an activity for pleasure or interest; not as a job or professionally."] // lib.asp - text Text[20]=[":: Remember ::","Remember: if you aren't sure what to do or how to find something, Ask the librarians for help."] Text[21]=["
:: Title ::","Use this if know the title of the resources that you are searching for. Many catalogues let you check for resources where words appear only in the title."] Text[22]=["
:: Subject ::","Libraries organise resources and information into groupings or Subjects.

These subjects become standard terms by which help organise and gather resources together.

Subjects can at times be less effective as you will need to choose the right standard term to effectively find information; eg you may want to find resources on Aliens but the standard Subject terms may be "extraterrestrial life"."] Text[23]=["
:: Keyword ::","This allows you to type in the terms you want and the catalogue will search for the term in whatever field or section the words appear and not necessarily the Title.

Keyword can be very useful in finding resources however; the main problems with it are that it may pick up;
  • too many irrelevant items which means you may have lots of useless resources to sift through to get to the ones you need
  • only the relevant items that use the words you entered which means that you may miss out on resources that use different terms for the information you want eg you may enter
  • useful resources but you do not recognise them as the term may not be in the title.
"] Text[24]=["
:: Author ::","Use this when you want to check for a known author of a resource."] Text[25]=["
:: Dewey System ::","
  • 032 Encyclopaedias
  • 387.8 Space Transportation
  • 520 - 529 Astronomy based resources eg;
    • 521 Celestial mechanics
    • 522 Techniques, equipment, etc.
    • 523s Specific celestial bodies eg moon, planets, stars etc
    • 525 Earth (Astronomical geography)
  • 574.999 Astrobiology
  • 629.41-Space flight
  • 629.45-Astronauts
  • 629.47-Rockets
  • 912 Atlases
  • 999 Extraterrestrial worlds
"] Text[26]=["
:: Library of Congress ::","Library of Congress a system of organizing books and magazines, etc. in libraries, by which topics are categorised using letters to correspond to a category, a second letter corresponding to a sub-category and then numbers for it's place within that subject. e.g;
  Q is for Science,
  QB for Astronomy and,
  QB 691 for Neptune."] Text[27]=[":: Help ::","If you are having difficulty finding the resources you need, ask the librarian to show you how the catalogue system works. They can also suggest ways that could aid you in finding what you need."] Text[28]=["
:: Reference ::","These can be both specific or general. General encyclopaedias, dictionaries & atlases can help to give brief overviews or background information. Specific resources such as Astronomy encyclopaedias or Atlases of the Universe will be more comprehensive."] Text[29]=["
:: Databases ::","Many databases are available online but are often restricted access.
You can find a variety of free access databases on the internet. Try typing "astronomy database" as a search.

Your librarian may be aware of some of these as well what databases are available directly through your library."] // int.asp - text Text[30]=["
:: Quick ::","This is especially appropriate if you just want brief, general or broad information to get a feel for a topic."] Text[31]=["
:: Boolean logic ::","For more information in boolean logic, Click Here"] Text[32]=["
:: Advanced ::","Many search engines offer Help or Advanced search options that describe how to run a better search can be made by that search engine. Not all the search help available are equally as good as each other."] Text[33]=["
:: Invisible Web ::","The Invisible Web is alternatively known as the Dark Web and Hidden Web"] Text[34]=["
:: Portals ::","The CSU Telescope site you are in now acts as a Portal in many ways as it provides not only information but also access to a variety of sources, resources, links and networks."] Text[35]=[":: Web Ring ::","Generally, a group of website owners who provide links to each others sites on their site for a particular topic. These links can be followed to see a number of sites on a topic.

An example of an impressive portal is Pinakes."] Text[36]=["
:: Invisible Web ::","The CSU Telescope site that you are currently in has elements that make it part of the hidden web.
The password protected and specialised facilities or material are restricted thus not making it accessible to web searchers."] Text[37]=["
:: Resources ::","Such resources as Databases, PDF Files, multimedia files often require specialised or more tuned search engines to access these."] Text[38]=["
:: Reasons ::","Material that is buried inside web sites and have not been made readable by search engines.
Often sites and resources that have restricted access to them prevent the information from being accessible."] // int_act.asp - Activity Text[39]=["Search Engines","You will find similar Directory functions in many other Search Engines.
Try;
AltaVista - http://www.altavista.com,
Yahoo - http://www.yahoo.com
or some other search engine that you regualarly use."] Text[40]=["
:: Evaluating your information ::","As you are collecting the information you need it is important to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of it.
  • Does this information come from a reliable source? (i.e. who produced the information? what authority does the site have? is it accurate or correct?)
  • Do I need more information?
  • Do I need this information?
  • Have I used all the ways of finding reliable information? (eg different search engines, different search terms)
  • Am I able to use this information?
  • Can I apply or interpret this information to make it better suit what I want to say?
"] Text[41]=["
:: Narrow ::","You may apply other terms to help restrict the topic eg add planet or "solar system" to Jupiter in the search."] Text[42]=["
:: Broaden ::","If you were looking for information on Jupiter you may decide to broaden your topic to look for "Solar System" or planets instead."] Text[43]=[":: Profusion ::","Profusion is one of a variety of search engines which aim to organise and present search results more effectively and usefully.
It also seeks to delve into areas of the Invisible Web.

http://www.profusion.com

There are many search engines available. A couple of sites that help with understanding and selecting search engines (especially the Invisible Web) are Search Engine Watch & All Search Engines.

http://searchenginewatch.com/links
http://allsearchengines.com"] // org.asp - Text Text[44]=[":: Links ::","
More links"] Text[45]=["
:: FAQ ::","
Frequently Asked Questions"] Text[46]=[":: Forum ::","
Search for Astronomy Forums"] // sum.asp - Text Text[47]=["
:: Types ::","People, organisations, Internet, search engines, libraries, catalogues, databases, multimedia, periodicals, reference sources etc."] Text[48]=["
:: Appropriate resources ::","Using Library catalogue to find materials in the library.
Using Databases to find articles in periodicals.
Using Search Engines that best match the topic.
Being prepared with specific questions when asking for help."] Text[49]=["
:: Systems ::","Using Dewey or Library of Congress systems to find your way around libraries
How Search Engines & Internet tools operate and when they can be useful."] Text[50]=["
:: Evaluating your information ::","As you are collecting the information you need it is important to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of it. While you are looking at internet sites or reading through books or magazines keep a few things in mind:
  • Does this information come from a reliable source? (i.e. who produced the information? what authority does the site have? is it accurate or correct?)
  • Do I need more information?
  • Do I need this information?
  • Have I used all the ways of finding reliable information?
  • Am I able to use this information?
  • Can I apply or interpret this information to make it better suit what I want to say?
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